Class=10 (chemistry) Science Acids,Bases and Salts

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~INTRODUCTION 

There are a large number of compounds in which some are organic (obtained from animals and plants) and other are inorganic (obtained from Minerals and rocks). These compounds and present in the food materials and in a number of other materials as well which we use in our everyday.
On the basis of their chemical properties (such as test, order, etc.) all the compounds can be classified into the following three categories:
 i)Acids, ii)Bases, and iii)Salts.

In this chapter, we shall study all the three types of compounds (i. e., acids, bases and salts) in more details. Also, we shall discuss the common characteristics of acids and bases, and their chemical nature. 

~ ACIDS 

The term acid was originally used to describe any substance which had a sour taste. The world acid has been derived from the Latin word acids, which means sour .Many fruits are sour because they contain acid. A few more examples of acidic substances  used in everyday life include vinegar, tomatoes,lemon juice, e.t.c.

Vinegar is an acidic substance which is used to preserve food stop it contains a natural acid called ethanoic acid which is commonly known as acetic acid (CH/3 COOH). Before the invention of refrigeration, pickling was one of the most important methods of preserving food (especially  vegetables). Pickling food in vinegar help to preserve it by destroying micro-organisms, as living organisms are sensitive to acids. Vinegar also helps to prevent Chemicals present in the food from combining with oxygen which may spoil  the food.

On the basis of their sources coma acids can be classified into following two groups:

i) organic (naturally occuring) Acids : the acid produced by plants and animal except hydrochloric acid are known as (organic acids. Ethanoic acid is an organic acid which was the first to be used in experiments. Ants also have an acid know as formica acid (HCOOH). Its name comes from formica, which is the Latin name of ant. Ants squirt this acid at their enemies. 

There are many acids found in living things. Table 2.1 shows some acids found in plants and animals.
 





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