Metals & Non-Metals Ionic compounds class 10 science

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      IONIC COMPOUNDS 

An electrically charged atom of an element is called Ion. 
• An ion is formed by gain or loss of electrons by an atom of an element, thus, it contains an unequal number of electrons & protons.
• The metal atom which loses the electron becomes a positive ion while the non-metal atom which gain electrons becomes a negative ion and the bond form between them is known as ionic bond or electro valent bond.

Ions are classified as cation & anion

1. Cation:  

When atom loses electrons, the number of electrons becomes less than the number of protons. Thus, the species formed has a positive charge. It is known as cation.

• Formation of sodium ion, Na 
   Atomic number of sodium= 11
  Electronic configuration= K  L  M
                                                 2   8   1
• Formation of Magnesium ion, Mg 
  Atomic number of magnesium= 12
    Electronic configuration= K  L  M
                                                    2  8   2
• Formation of Aluminium ion, Al
    Atomic number of aluminium= 13
      Electronic configuration= K  L  M
                                                      2  8   3

2. Anions: 

When an atoms gains electrons, the number of electrons becomes greater than the number of protons. Thus, species formed has a negative charge. It is known as a negative ion or anion.

• Formation of chlorine ion, Cl
     Atomic number= 17
   Electronic configuration= K  L  M
                                                   2  8   7
• Formation of oxygen ion, O
     Atomic number = 8
    Electronic configuration= K  L
                                                   2   6

A chemical bond formed between two atoms by a complete transference of electrons from one atom to another in order to complete their octets & thus acquire the stable nearest noble gas electron configuration is known as ionic bond or electro valent bond. The number of electrons lost or gained by atom is called it's electro valency .
The compounds, thus, obtained are known as ionic compounds.

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