chemical properties of Non-MetalsMetals & non-metal class 10 science

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-METALS:

Non-Metals readily form negatively charged ions by gaining electrons.

1. Reaction with oxygen:

On heating, non-metals react with oxygen to form oxides. These oxides may be either acidic or neutral. They never form basic oxides. The non-metallic oxides are covalent compounds in nature because they are formed by sharing of electrons between the Non-metal& the oxygen atom.
• Reaction of carbon with oxygen:  When carbon burns in excess of air, it forms carbin dioxide.
               C   +   O2     ➡      CO2

• Reaction of sulphur with oxygen:  when sulphur is burnt in Air, it reacts with oxygen to form sulphur oxide.
          S     +     O2    ➡    SO2

• Reaction of phosphorus with oxygen:  phosphorus reacts with excess of oxygen to form phosphorus pentoxide, which dissolves in water to form ortho phosphoric acid, which turns blue litmus red. 
     P4     +      5O2    ➡   P4O10

2. Reaction with water:

Non-metals do not react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Because non-metals cannot give electron to reduce the hydrogen ions of water to hydrogen gas.
  2Fe2   +  2H2O  ➡  4HF  +   O2

3. Reaction with Dilute Acids:  

Non-Metals do not react with Dilute Acids to liberate hydrogen gas. 
   H2SO4   ➡    2H   +   SO4

4. Reaction with Salts:

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution. 
For ex.. when chlorine is passed through the solution of sodium bromide, bromine is displaced by chlorine with formation of sodium chloride.

5. Reaction with Chlorine: 

Non-Metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides. These non-metal chlorides are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms of the non-metal & the Chlorine.

6. Reaction with Hydrogen:

Non-Metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides. These hydrides are gases or liquids. As non-metals hydrides do not contain ions, thus they do not conduct electricity.

7. Oxidising behaviour of Non-Metals:

Non-Metals have a strong tendency to accept electrons to form negative ions. Thus, non- metals acta as oxidising agent. It oxidises water to oxygen sulphur to sulphur hexafluoride & phosphorus to phosphorus penta fluoride.


 

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