Carbon & it's compounds class 10 science

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 Carbon is unique element.

It is non-metal with symbol C.

The carbon compounds are also known as organic compounds.


BONDING IH CARBON- THE COVALENT                                                           BOND

Melting & boiling points if carbon compound are very low. This is beacuse the force of attraction between the molecules are not strong. 
Most of the carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity. It means the bonding in these compounds is such that it does not give rise to any ion.

• Carbon always form a covalent bond

COVALENT BOND:  A chemical bond which is formed between two atoms by mutual sharing of valence electrons between two atoms such that each atom attains the stable noble gas electron configuration, is known as a covalent bond. 

The number of electrons contributed by each atom for sharing is known as its covalency  and the compounds formed by sharing of electrons are known as covalent compounds.

Carbon is Tetravalent:   A carbon atom has four
Electrons in its outermost shell. Thus, it requires four more electrons to attain the stable noble gas electron configuration. Carbon gets these four electrons by mutual sharing. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds, that is covalency of carbon is 4. 

Types of covalent bonds

There are three types of covalent bonds:

1. If each atom contributes one electron, then the covalent bond formed is called a single covalent bond. Which is represented by single line.

2. If each atom contributes two electrons, then the covalent bond is formed is called double  bond. Which is represented by Double line.

3. If each atom contributes three electrons, then the covalent bond is formed is called triple bond.
Which is represented by triple line.

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